Single layer of carbon atoms "torn" out with tape graphite to graphene oxide

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When discussing graphene, we need to first discuss the all-natural mineral graphite that is widely present in our life.

As an allotrope of carbon, graphite is a split material, and the carbon atoms inside graphite are set up layer by layer. Carbon atoms in the same layer "hold hands" and are closely linked, yet the mix of carbon atoms in between various layers hangs, like a pile of playing cards. With a gentle push, the cards will slide apart.

From the perspective of chemical framework, graphite is a transitional crystal in between atomic crystals, steel crystals and molecular crystals. In the crystal, carbon atoms in the very same layer type covalent bonds with sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is connected to 3 various other carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms create a regular hexagonal ring on the same aircraft, extending to develop a sheet structure.

If graphite is a stack of playing cards, after that graphene is among the cards in this stack of playing cards. Graphene is a two-dimensional material made up of a solitary layer of carbon atoms. Piling graphene layer by layer is graphite. A 1 mm thick graphite consists of concerning 3 million layers of graphene.

Although graphene exists in nature, it is challenging to remove a solitary layer framework.

Greater than two decades back, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, scientists at the University of Manchester in the UK, thought that there need to be a method to obtain a solitary layer of graphite.

Exactly how can a single layer of graphite be removed? Researchers took a really "basic and unrefined" method - sticking it with tape.

"Much like when we create a typo on paper, we will stick the typo with tape." Based on this, researchers boldly connect that if tape can stay with the surface of paper, can it also stick to layers of graphite?

In the experiment, scientists stuck both sides of pyrolytic graphite flakes to a special tape, and detached the tape, the graphite sheet was divided into two. Although the thickness of graphite right now is still far from that of a solitary layer of graphite, scientists have validated the feasibility of this method - each time the tape is utilized, the graphite comes to be thinner. By demanding using this "mechanical exfoliation approach" to duplicate the procedure, they ultimately obtained a slim sheet including only one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene.

Nevertheless, this technique of repeatedly exfoliating graphite sheets with tape to acquire graphene has low production performance and can only be utilized to prepare micron-thick graphene, and can not be mass-produced industrially.

Later, with the enhancement of scientific and technological levels, the preparation approach of graphene has actually likewise made great progress. Presently, in addition to this typical physical and mechanical exfoliation technique, there are also numerous techniques for preparing graphene, such as redox technique, solvent peeling method, chemical vapor deposition, etc

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